Abstract Objective To identify the knowledge and difficulties that nursing professionals face in carrying out neonatal screening in Primary Care. Methods Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study, carried out in basic units in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso, Brazil, with nurses and nursing technicians who participate in the performance of neonatal screening. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. Results Presented in two thematic axes: “Professionals’ knowledge about the purpose of neonatal screening”; “Difficulties of […]