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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sobep</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Enfermeiros Pediatras</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev. Soc. Bras. Enferm. Ped</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2238-202X</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Enfermeiros Pediatras</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31508/1676-3793202504</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>ARTIGO ORIGINAL</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Percepções parentais sobre crenças e práticas de cuidado com crianças nascidas prematuras</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
					<trans-title>Percepciones parentales sobre creencias y prácticas de cuidado de niños nacidos prematuros</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-7351-3411</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mós</surname>
						<given-names>Isabella Folha</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a concepção do estudo</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a coleta de dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a redação e/ou revisão crítica do artigo</role>
					<role>declaram ter aprovado a versão final a ser publicada</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5665-4263</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Orsi</surname>
						<given-names>Kelly Cristina Sbampato Calado</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a concepção do estudo</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a coleta de dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a redação e/ou revisão crítica do artigo</role>
					<role>declaram ter aprovado a versão final a ser publicada</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6444-5186</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nascimento</surname>
						<given-names>Larissa Perez Pardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a concepção do estudo</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a redação e/ou revisão crítica do artigo</role>
					<role>declaram ter aprovado a versão final a ser publicada</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2996-6936</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Maia</surname>
						<given-names>Edmara Bazoni Soares</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a concepção do estudo</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a redação e/ou revisão crítica do artigo</role>
					<role>declaram ter aprovado a versão final a ser publicada</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4367-5855</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Balieiro</surname>
						<given-names>Maria Magda Ferreira Gomes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a concepção do estudo</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a coleta de dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a análise e interpretação dos dados</role>
					<role>declaram ter contribuído para a redação e/ou revisão crítica do artigo</role>
					<role>declaram ter aprovado a versão final a ser publicada</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Enfermagem Pediátrica</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Enfermagem</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Departamento de Enfermagem Pediátrica, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital São Paulo</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de São Paulo</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
					<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01">
					<label>Autor correspondente:</label> Larissa Perez Pardo Nascimento | E-mail: <email>larissa.perez@unifesp.br</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Conflitos de interesse:</label>
					<p>nada a declarar.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>31</day>
				<month>12</month>
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2025</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>25</volume>
			<elocation-id>eSOBEP202504</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>15</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>19</day>
					<month>12</month>
					<year>2025</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo</title>
					<p> Analisar a percepção dos pais sobre as crenças e práticas no cuidado de crianças nascidas prematuras, correlacionando-a com o marco de desenvolvimento infantil.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Método</title>
					<p> Este estudo do tipo <italic>survey</italic> foi realizado com pais de crianças prematuras com até três anos de idade. Os dados foram coletados em instrumentos disponíveis na plataforma REDCap, incluindo questionário sociodemográfico, variáveis perinatais e neonatais, além da Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado (E-CPPC). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva; para avaliar associações, foram usados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher (nível de significância: 5%).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados</title>
					<p> Um total de 30 mães participaram, sendo que 46,6% das crianças nasceram prematuras extremas ou moderadas. As mães mostraram maior valorização de práticas voltadas ao bem-estar físico imediato (tais como manter as crianças limpas e evitar acidentes), em detrimento de estímulos cognitivos (tais como ler livros ou jogar com elas). Porém, práticas de interação direta, tais como “ouvir o que as crianças têm a dizer” (r=0,369; p=0,045) e “ficar de frente, olho no olho com as crianças” (r=0,403; p=0,027), apresentaram uma significativa correlação com os marcos do desenvolvimento; eles não foram plenamente atingidos, especialmente em fala e locomoção.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusão</title>
					<p> Os pais valorizam os cuidados afetivo e interativo apesar do contexto de vulnerabilidade. Os serviços de saúde devem promover a estimulação precoce e o envolvimento familiar, favorecendo o desenvolvimento integral das crianças prematuras.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
				<title>Resumen</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo</title>
					<p> Analizar la percepción de los padres sobre las creencias y prácticas en el cuidado de niños nacidos prematuros, correlacionándola con los hitos del desarrollo infantil.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Método</title>
					<p> Este estudio de tipo encuesta fue realizado con padres de niños prematuros de hasta tres años de edad. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante instrumentos disponibles en la plataforma REDCap, incluyendo un cuestionario sociodemográfico, variables perinatales y neonatales, además de la Escala de Creencias Parentales y Prácticas de Cuidado (E-CPPC). Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva; para evaluar asociaciones se utilizaron la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson o la prueba exacta de Fisher (nivel de significación: 5%).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados</title>
					<p> Participaron un total de 30 madres, y el 46,6% de los niños nacieron prematuros extremos o moderados. Las madres mostraron mayor valoración de prácticas orientadas al bienestar físico inmediato (como mantener a los niños limpios y prevenir accidentes), en detrimento de la estimulación cognitiva (como leer libros o jugar con ellos). Sin embargo, las prácticas de interacción directa, tales como “escuchar lo que los niños tienen que decir” (r=0,369; p=0,045) y “ponerse frente al niño, mirándolo a los ojos” (r=0,403; p=0,027), mostraron una correlación significativa con los hitos del desarrollo; estos no se alcanzaron plenamente, especialmente en el habla y la locomoción.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusión</title>
					<p> Los padres valoran el cuidado afectivo e interactivo a pesar del contexto de vulnerabilidad. Los servicios de salud deben promover la estimulación temprana y la participación familiar, favoreciendo el desarrollo integral de los niños prematuros.</p>
				</sec>
			</trans-abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Descritores:</title>
				<kwd>Prematuridade</kwd>
				<kwd>Pais</kwd>
				<kwd>Intervenção Educacional Precoce</kwd>
				<kwd>Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde</kwd>
				<kwd>Enfermagem Pediátrica</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
				<title>Descriptores:</title>
				<kwd>Prematuridad</kwd>
				<kwd>Padres</kwd>
				<kwd>Intervención Educativa Temprana</kwd>
				<kwd>Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud</kwd>
				<kwd>Enfermería Pediátrica</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="6"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="30"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introdução</title>
			<p>O nascimento de uma criança é um marco para a família, representando um período de intensas mudanças e adaptações nos papéis e rotinas familiares para atender às necessidades dos recém-nascidos (RN). Quando o nascimento ocorre prematuramente, essas demandas tornam-se ainda mais complexas, alterando de modo inesperado a dinâmica familiar.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>A prematuridade é um acontecimento que decorre de várias circunstâncias imprevisíveis, independente de lugar e classe social, sendo um problema de saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, cerca de 340 mil bebês prematuros nascem a cada ano, conforme os dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS).<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup> O nascimento prematuro é um dos principais fatores associados à morbimortalidade infantil. Ele afeta as famílias e a sociedade com um custo social e financeiro de difícil mensuração, requerendo cuidados intensivos durante o período neonatal e acompanhamento clínico após a alta hospitalar.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Durante o cuidado intensivo, o RN pré-termo (RNPT) é exposto a ambientes estressantes, com ruídos, manipulação frequente, luz intensa e estímulos dolorosos. Tais fatores, somados à imaturidade cerebral, impactam seu desenvolvimento neurológico e motor, aumentando o risco de déficits cognitivos e atrasos no desenvolvimento.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup> Assim, a detecção precoce desses atrasos é essencial para permitir intervenções em fases de maior plasticidade cerebral.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Neste sentido, a abordagem de estimulação precoce visa promover o desenvolvimento e o bem-estar infantil, prevenindo atrasos no desenvolvimento e reduzindo as deficiências existentes, além de contribuir para a estruturação do vínculo mãe-bebê e o acolhimento dessas crianças pela família. Com foco na educação parental e no apoio psicossocial, essa abordagem visa aprimorar a relação pais-filho e o ambiente onde a criança se desenvolve.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Os benefícios da estimulação precoce incluem melhorias no desenvolvimento neurológico, aumento na capacidade de aprendizagem, avanços no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo e redução nos riscos de problemas emocionais e comportamentais a longo prazo. Para que a estimulação precoce seja eficaz, é preciso que os pais e cuidadores do bebê se engajem ativamente no processo, seguindo as orientações dos profissionais especializados, promovendo atividades que estimulem o desenvolvimento do RNPT em casa.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>A parentalidade envolve práticas e crenças de cuidado que orientam a interação entre pais e filhos.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup> O modelo proposto por Keller (2002; 2007) tem uma abordagem abrangente, integrando aspectos biológicos e culturais dessas práticas com foco especial nos três primeiros anos de vida.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Essa perspectiva teórica permite compreender como fatores biológicos e socioculturais moldam o desenvolvimento infantil, além de embasar intervenções precoces voltadas à promoção da saúde e da relação cuidador-criança.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>A compreensão das práticas de cuidados dos pais pode dar informações valiosas para desenvolver estratégias de cuidado centrada na família e integradas ao contexto local, visando melhorar os resultados de saúde e qualidade de vida dessas crianças e suas famílias. A inclusão das famílias nos espaços de atendimento desde o pré-natal ao período de internação das crianças nascidas prematuras (CNP) pode melhorar a abordagem para acompanhar o crescimento e desenvolvimento dessas crianças. Isso também pode ajudar na construção de redes de saúde, com a participação dos pais, da família e dos profissionais de saúde para promover ações de estimulação precoce da CNP, diminuindo assim a morbidade neonatal e infantil.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Portanto, os objetivos do estudo foram analisar a percepção dos pais sobre as crenças e práticas do cuidado da CNP, correlacionando-as com o marco de desenvolvimento infantil típico da criança.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Método</title>
			<p>Este estudo Survey foi desenvolvido com pais de CNP. A amostra foi composta por participantes selecionados usando amostragem não probabilística tipo bola de neve, na qual os primeiros participantes indicam novos participantes conforme os critérios de inclusão no estudo. Os pais foram acessados via plataformas digitais ou grupos de pais <italic>on-line</italic>.</p>
			<p>A pesquisa foi divulgada através de um convite compartilhado nas redes sociais Instagram<sup>®</sup> e grupos do Facebook<sup>®</sup>, com um texto explicativo sobre o objetivo do estudo e um <italic>link</italic> para acesso ao questionário pelos interessados.</p>
			<p>Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: ser pais ou responsáveis por CNP com idade menor ou igual a três anos; ser maior de 18 anos e ter acesso à internet. Não foram incluídos os pais ou responsáveis com dificuldade de comunicação ou de acesso à internet. Foram excluídos aqueles que não responderam ao questionário em menor ou igual a três dias após assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) <italic>online</italic>.</p>
			<p>O TCLE foi aplicado e assinado <italic>online</italic> pelos participantes antes de acessarem o formulário da pesquisa. Para manter o anonimato dos participantes no estudo, foi-lhes atribuída uma sequência de letras. Foram assegurados aos participantes a privacidade e a proteção da identidade, bem como a liberdade para se recusar a participar ou retirar o seu consentimento sem penalidade em qualquer fase da pesquisa.</p>
			<p>Para determinar a amostra final, os dados foram coletados durante seis meses. O questionário foi aplicado <italic>online</italic>; os dados foram obtidos através de um formulário elaborado no REDCap<sup>®</sup> contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e perinatais, incluindo uma escala Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado (E-CPPC) na primeira infância.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Os dados do REDCap<sup>®</sup> foram armazenados em um computador para uso exclusivo de uma das pesquisadoras. O tempo necessário aos participantes para preencher o questionário foi de 15-20 min.</p>
			<p>O estudo foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da instituição de vinculação dos autores, atendeu aos preceitos ético-legais e foi aprovado (Parecer: 6.780.072; CAAE: 77021223.1.0000.5505).</p>
			<p>As variáveis do estudo foram as seguintes:</p>
			<list list-type="bullet">
				<list-item>
					<p>Variáveis de caracterização da amostra (1) relacionadas aos pais: idade (anos), sexo (feminino ou masculino), escolaridade, profissão, estado civil, renda familiar (salários-mínimos), suportes sociais; (2) relacionados ao período perinatal: idade gestacional ao nascer (semanas), tipo de parto, local do parto, intercorrências apresentadas, número de filhos vivos e (3) relacionados às CNP: idade cronológica no ato da aplicação do formulário, tempo de internação, complicações ao nascer e na internação.</p>
				</list-item>
				<list-item>
					<p>Variáveis relacionadas às Práticas de Cuidado: E-CPPC na primeira infância visou avaliar a frequência de comportamentos e o grau de importância atribuído às práticas. Ela foi composta por dois domínios, práticas realizadas pelas mães e importância atribuída às práticas, totalizando 18 itens referentes aos temas cuidados primários, contato corporal, estimulação corporal, estimulação por objetos e contato face a face. Estes itens foram os seguintes: Socorrer quando está chorando; Alimentar; Manter limpa; Cuidar para que durma e descanse; Não deixar que passe frio ou calor; Carregar no colo; Ter sempre por perto; Tentar evitar que se acidente (cuidados de segurança); Deixar livre para correr, nadar, trepar; Fazer atividades físicas; Jogar jogos; Pendurar brinquedos no berço; Ver livrinhos juntos; Mostrar coisas interessantes; Explicar coisas; Ouvir o que tem a dizer; Responder a perguntas; e Ficar frente a frente, olho no olho. A escala foi avaliada quanto à frequência de realização das práticas, segundo uma escala Likert de cinco pontos, que variava de um (nunca) até cinco (sempre). Quanto a importância das práticas: uma escala Likert de 5 pontos que variava de 1 (pouco importante) até 5 (muito importante).</p>
				</list-item>
				<list-item>
					<p>Variáveis relacionadas à fase atual de desenvolvimento das crianças: para avaliar o desenvolvimento infantil, foram usados como referência os marcos típicos estabelecidos na Caderneta de Saúde da Criança.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup> A avaliação foi estruturada em função da idade da criança (em meses), permitindo que o responsável identifique se as habilidades correspondentes à faixa etária atual estão sendo adquiridas e se as metas de desenvolvimento esperadas para as idades anteriores já foram alcançadas. Os familiares indicarão se os marcos estão presentes ou ausentes. Na avaliação integral do desenvolvimento das crianças, foi categorizado em provável atraso no desenvolvimento, alerta e desenvolvimento adequado.</p>
				</list-item>
			</list>
			<p>Após a coleta, os dados foram exportados para planilhas do REDCap<sup>®</sup> e analisados no <italic>software R</italic> Core Team (v. 4.4.0) usando estatística descritiva conforme sua natureza: através de frequências absolutas e relativas (se qualitativa) ou através de média, mediana, mínimo, máximo, desvio padrão, primeiro quartil e terceiro quartil (se quantitativa).</p>
			<p>As crenças e importâncias das crenças foram tratadas como variáveis ordinais. O teste Kruskal-Wallis foi usado quando a variável não seguia a normalidade para comparar a escala Likert das crenças nas diferentes classificações de desenvolvimento e a escala de importância. O teste ANOVA foi aplicado quando a normalidade e a homocedasticidade das variâncias estavam presentes. Se os grupos formados fossem menores (quando eram dois grupos), o teste <italic>t-</italic>Student foi usado se a variável seguia normalidade nos dois grupos; caso contrário, foi usado o teste de Mann Whitney. Quando houve normalidade, mas não homocedasticidade das variâncias, foi usado o teste de Games-Howell. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% para todos testes.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Resultados</title>
			<p>Participaram no estudo 30 pais e/ou responsáveis de CNP e mulheres (idade média: 29,03±5,91 anos). A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> mostra os dados sociodemográficos dos participantes. A maioria deles residia no Estado de São Paulo (86,7%). Em relação à escolaridade, eles tinham ensino médio completo (36,7%) e ensino superior completo (36,7%). Mais da metade das famílias apresentavam renda entre um e dois salários-mínimos (53,3%), e relataram estar recebendo apoio no cuidado da criança (73,3%), predominantemente da família (95,5%).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Tabela 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes (n=30)</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Variáveis</th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">n(%)</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td>Região do país</td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Centro-Oeste</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,6)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sudeste</td>
								<td align="center">27(90,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sul</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,4)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Nível de escolaridade</td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Ensino fundamental completo</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Ensino médio incompleto</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Ensino médio completo</td>
								<td align="center">11(36,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Ensino superior incompleto</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Ensino superior completo</td>
								<td align="center">11(36,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Ocupação</td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sem ocupação e/ou desempregado</td>
								<td align="center">22(73,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Empregado</td>
								<td align="center">8(26,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Renda familiar (salário-mínimo)</td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>&lt;1</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>1-2</td>
								<td align="center">16(53,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>2-3</td>
								<td align="center">5(16,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>3-4</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>&gt;4</td>
								<td align="center">4(13,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Estado Civil</td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Casado</td>
								<td align="center">19(63,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Solteiro</td>
								<td align="center">8(36,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Apoio para o cuidado do filho</td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sim</td>
								<td align="center">22(73,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Não</td>
								<td align="center">8(26,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Tipo de apoio</td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Família</td>
								<td align="center">21(95,5)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Apoio profissional</td>
								<td align="center">1(4,5)</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> mostra os dados relacionados ao histórico de pré-natal, parto e nascimento, e pós-natal das CNP, conforme as informações relatadas pelas mães participantes. A média foi de 2,17 (±1,53) gestações e 8,17 (±4,79) consultas de pré-natal. Intercorrências gestacionais ocorreram em 70% das participantes, principalmente doença hipertensiva específica da gravidez, descolamento prematuro da placenta e infecção urinária. A maioria dos partos ocorreu em hospitais públicos (via cesariana). A idade gestacional média foi de 32,5 semanas, sendo prematuros extremos (24-30 semanas; 26,7%), moderados (31-35 semanas; 46,6%) e limítrofes (36-37 semanas; 26,7%). A média de internação neonatal foi de 59 dias, com complicações em 60% dos casos.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Tabela 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Características perinatais dos filhos nascidos prematuros das participantes no estudo (n=30)</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Período</th>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Variável</th>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Média(DP)</th>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Mediana (min-Max)</th>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">n(%)</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="20">PRÉ-NATAL</td>
								<td>Número de gestações</td>
								<td align="center">2,17(1,53)</td>
								<td align="center">2,00(1-8)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>História de Aborto</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sim</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Não</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">80(24,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Número de Abortos</td>
								<td align="center">1,5(0,83)</td>
								<td align="center">1,00(1-3)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Consulta pré-natal</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sim</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">30(100,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Não</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Número de consultas</td>
								<td align="center">8,17(4,79)</td>
								<td align="center">7,00(1-20)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Intercorrências gestacionais</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sim</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">21(70,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Não</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">9(30,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Tipos de intercorrências</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gravidez</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">8(38,1)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Descolamento de placenta</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">3(14,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Infecção Urinária</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">3(14,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Perda fetal de gemelar</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">3(14,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Diabetes gestacional</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">2(9,5)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Polidrâmnio</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">1(4,8)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Gestação de alto risco</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">1(4,8)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="21">NASCIMENTO</td>
								<td>Idade gestacional (semanas)</td>
								<td align="center">32,53(3,55)</td>
								<td align="center">34(25-36)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Classificação Prematuros (semanas)</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Extremos (24 -30)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">8(26,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Moderados (31-35)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">14(46,6)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Limítrofes (36 - 37)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">8(26,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Local do parto</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Hospitais Públicos</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">22(73,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Hospitais Privados</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">8(26,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Tipo de parto</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Cesáreo</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">19(63,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Vaginal</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">11(36,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Intercorrências no parto</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sim</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">10(33,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Não</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">20(66,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Tipos de intercorrências</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Hemorragia</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">4(40,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Hipertensão</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">2(20,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Outros</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">5(50,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Complicações ao nascer</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sim</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">18(60,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Não</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">12(40,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">PÓS-NATAL</td>
								<td>Internação neonatal</td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
								<td> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Sim</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">24(80,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Não</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Duração da internação (dias)</td>
								<td align="center">61,86(50,67)</td>
								<td align="center">45(5-131)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td>Idade corrigida (dias)</td>
								<td align="center">584,69(483,14)</td>
								<td align="center">454(18-1466)</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p>DP: desvio padrão;</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>As práticas de cuidado mais frequentemente referidas como “sempre realizadas” foram as seguintes: alimentar (100%), garantir sono e descanso (100%), manter a criança limpa (93,3%), evitar acidentes (93,3%) e atender ao choro (96,7%). O contato físico e visual foi valorizado, afirmando carregar a criança no colo (83,3%) e manter contato olho no olho (86,7%). Em contrapartida, práticas de estímulo cognitivo, tais como “ver livrinhos juntos” (13,3%) e “jogar jogos” (20,0%), foram menos citadas (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t3">
					<label>Tabela 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Distribuição dos itens na Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado (E-CPPC), segundo frequência e importância das práticas de cuidado com as crianças (n=30)</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="left" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">Itens E-CPPC</th>
								<th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">Frequência das práticas de cuidado com as crianças</th>
								<th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">Importância relatada pelos pais</th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">N (%)</th>
								<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
								<th style="font-weight:normal">N (%)</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Pendurar brinquedos no berço</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,6)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">5(16,7)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">9(30,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">16(53,4)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">12(40,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Manter as crianças limpas</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">28(93,3)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">27(90,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Jogar jogos</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">7(23,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">5(16,7)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">15(50,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Tentar evitar que elas se acidentem</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">28(93,4)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">29(96,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Cuidar para que elas durmam e descansem</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">30(100)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">29(96,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Explicar coisas</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">4(13,4)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">4(13,4)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">20(66,6)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">25(83,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Carregá-las no colo</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">4(13,4)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">7(23,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">25(83,3)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">20(66,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Ver livrinho juntos</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">5(16,7)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">9(30,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">11(36,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">4(13,3)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">16(53,4)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Responder perguntas feitas pelas crianças</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">10(33,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">7(23,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">12(40,0)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">22(73,4)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Alimentar as crianças</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">30(100,0)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">29(96,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Ter as crianças sempre perto</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">30(100,0)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">29(96,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Deixar as crianças livres para correr, nadar, trepar</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">7(23,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">4(13,3)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">8(26,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">11(36,7)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">18(60,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Fazer atividades físicas com as crianças</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">7(23,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">5(16,7)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">9(30,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">6(20,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">7(23,3)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">20(66,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Socorrer as crianças quando estão chorando</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">29(96,7)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">27(90,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Mostrar coisas interessantes às crianças</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">2(6,7)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">7(23,3)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">10(33,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">18(60,0)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">19(63,4)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Não deixar que as crianças passem frio/calor</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">29(96,7)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">29(96,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Ouvir o que as crianças têm a dizer</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">5(16,7)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">20(66,7)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">26(86,7)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td rowspan="5">Ficar frente a frente, olho no olho</td>
								<td align="center">N</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">PI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">R</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
								<td align="center">+-I</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">AV</td>
								<td align="center">1(3,3)</td>
								<td align="center">RI</td>
								<td align="center">0(0,0)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">QS</td>
								<td align="center">3(10,0)</td>
								<td align="center">I</td>
								<td align="center">4(13,3)</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">S</td>
								<td align="center">26(86,7)</td>
								<td align="center">MI</td>
								<td align="center">26(86,7)</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<p>N: nunca; R: raramente; AV: às vezes; QS: quase sempre; S: sempre; PI: pouco importante; +-I: Mais ou menos importante; RI: Razoavelmente importante; I: Importante; MI: Muito importante.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Quanto às crenças, práticas de cuidado físico e segurança, elas foram consideradas “muito importantes”por quase todas mães: alimentar (96,7%), garantir sono e descanso (96,7%) e evitar acidentes (96,7%). Aspectos relacionados à interação e à estimulação cognitiva também foram valorizados, destacando-se “ouvir o que a criança tem a dizer” (86,7%), “explicar coisas” (83,3%) e “mostrar coisas interessantes” (63,3%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
			<p>A avaliação do desenvolvimento indicou que as crianças apresentavam desenvolvimento adequado (30,0%), estavam em alerta (26,7%) e apresentaram um provável atraso (30,0%), principalmente em habilidades de fala e locomoção, sendo mais prevalentes entre prematuros com tempo &lt;34 semanas.</p>
			<p>As análises de correlação indicaram associações positivas entre algumas práticas relacionadas ao cuidado infantil e variáveis maternas. Observou-se que um maior número de consultas pré-natais esteve associado à maior ocorrência da prática de pendurar brinquedos no berço (r=0,439; p=0,019). Igualmente, maior idade gestacional relacionou-se tanto com a prática de pendurar brinquedos no berço (r=0,432; p=0,022) quanto com a realização de jogos com as crianças (r=0,414; p=0,028), de modo que maior número de consultas e maior idade gestacional, estiveram relacionados à maior ocorrência dessas práticas.</p>
			<p>Verificou-se ainda que mulheres com um maior número de gestações apresentaram uma maior frequência de realização de atividades físicas com as crianças (r=0,574; p=0,001), assim como aquelas com um maior número de filhos vivos (r=0,645; p&lt;0,001).</p>
			<p>Em relação às características maternas, constatou-se que uma maior idade das mães esteve associada a uma maior valorização da segurança das crianças (r=0,429; p=0,023). Além disso, maior idade gestacional esteve relacionada a um maior incentivo à liberdade das crianças para correr e brincar (r=0,395; p=0,037).</p>
			<p>Em síntese, as participantes mostraram reconhecer a importância dos cuidados afetivo e interativo, embora práticas de estímulo cognitivo tenham sido menos frequentes na rotina.</p>
			<p>A valorização das ações de interação direta e estímulo físico sugere um potencial para fortalecer estratégias educativas que ampliam o repertório de cuidados voltados ao desenvolvimento global das CNP.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussão</title>
			<p>O presente estudo analisou as percepções dos pais e/ou responsáveis (representados exclusivamente por mães) sobre suas crenças e práticas de cuidado com CNP. A composição exclusivamente feminina da amostra reflete o papel historicamente atribuído às mulheres como principais cuidadoras dos filhos, especialmente em contextos de vulnerabilidade social e econômica. Esse aspecto cultural, que é amplamente descrito na literatura, reforça a centralidade materna no cuidado infantil; isso pode ter influenciado o perfil das respondentes e a perspectiva predominante nas práticas relatadas.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>A maioria das participantes apresentou baixa escolaridade e renda familiar de 1-2 salários-mínimos, além de índices significativos de desemprego. A maior parte desses partos ocorreu em hospitais públicos e envolveu prematuros extremos ou moderados. Esse conjunto de características evidencia a inserção das participantes em contextos de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, uma condição que pode impactar diretamente o modo como as mães percebem e executam o cuidado infantil. Estudos apontam que o nível de escolaridade e a estabilidade econômica dos cuidadores são fatores determinantes para o acesso a informações, recursos e práticas de cuidado mais amplas, influenciando o desenvolvimento global de crianças.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>As práticas mais valorizadas pelas mães estavam associadas às necessidades básicas e à proteção física das crianças, tais como “manter a criança limpa”, “alimentar” e “evitar acidentes”. Essa ênfase aponta um cuidado voltado à sobrevivência e à manutenção da integridade física, o que é compreensível diante da vulnerabilidade social e do histórico de prematuridade. Nas situações em que o acesso a recursos é limitado e as experiências com adoecimento neonatal são marcantes, os cuidadores tendem a priorizar práticas imediatas de proteção e conforto, em detrimento de ações voltadas à estimulação cognitiva.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>A experiência de internação neonatal, que foi vivenciada por 80% das crianças na amostra, pode ter reforçado essa percepção de cuidado protetivo. A prematuridade acentua a necessidade materna de assegurar a segurança e o bem-estar físico do bebê após a alta quando associada à exposição precoce a ambientes hospitalares e procedimentos invasivos. Assim, práticas tais como “socorrer crianças quando choram” e “cuidar para que elas durmam e descansem” assumem valores simbólico e afetivo que ultrapassam o cuidado básico, representando também uma tentativa para compensar o período de separação imposto pela internação.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Por outro lado, práticas associadas à estimulação cognitiva e ao desenvolvimento simbólico, tais como “ver livrinhos juntos” e “jogar jogos”, foram menos frequentes. Essa tendência, conforme observada em estudos com populações semelhantes, está relacionada a uma menor disponibilidade de tempo, sobrecarga doméstica e falta de orientação específica por parte dos serviços de saúde.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup> Entretanto, a literatura destaca que atividades interativas simples (tais como leitura, brincadeiras e diálogo) têm um impacto significativo sobre os desenvolvimentos cognitivo, linguístico e socioemocional de crianças, especialmente nos primeiros anos de vida.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Apesar das limitações observadas, as mães mostraram reconhecer a importância do vínculo afetivo e da interação direta com as crianças. As práticas de “ouvir o que as crianças têm a dizer” e “ficar de frente, olho no olho com elas” apresentaram correlações positivas e estatisticamente significativas; isso indica que, quanto maior a crença na importância dessas ações, maior sua frequência na rotina de cuidado. Esses resultados concordam com a literatura e evidenciam a valorização das dimensões afetiva e comunicacional do cuidado; elas são fundamentais para o estabelecimento de vínculos seguros e um desenvolvimento emocional saudável.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Os achados sobre os marcos típicos do desenvolvimento infantil mostraram que uma parte das crianças apresentava atraso ou sinais de alerta, especialmente em habilidades relacionadas à fala, locomoção e autonomia. Esses resultados concordam com estudos que apontaram um maior risco de atraso neuropsicomotor entre CNP devido a imaturidade neurológica, tempo de internação e intercorrências neonatais. Assim, o acompanhamento longitudinal e as intervenções precoces são estratégias indispensáveis para reduzir os impactos da prematuridade sobre o desenvolvimento infantil.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Em geral, observou-se coerência entre crenças e práticas maternas. As participantes mostraram compreender que o cuidado não se restringe à dimensão biológica, envolvendo ainda interação, afeto e comunicação. Mesmo diante de condições adversas, as mães buscaram integrar práticas que favorecem o desenvolvimento global das crianças, embora intuitivamente.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Esses resultados reforçam a importância de políticas públicas e ações intersetoriais voltadas ao fortalecimento das famílias de crianças prematuras. Seu acompanhamento sistemático por equipes multiprofissionais pode ampliar o repertório de práticas de cuidado, promover a autonomia familiar e favorecer o desenvolvimento integral das crianças quando aliado a programas de educação parental e estimulação precoce.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup> A inserção ativa da família no processo de cuidado (desde a internação neonatal até o seguimento ambulatorial) é essencial para assegurar a continuidade da atenção e potencializar os resultados de saúde e bem-estar infantil.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>)</sup></p>
			<p>Assim, o presente estudo evidenciou que as mães participantes reconhecem e valorizam o papel do cuidado afetivo; elas mostraram disposição para práticas que estimulam a interação e o vínculo com seus filhos embora marcadas pela vulnerabilidade social. Essa constatação reforça a necessidade de fortalecer o suporte às famílias como sendo o eixo estruturante do cuidado às CNP, integrando aspectos físicos, emocionais e cognitivos em uma abordagem realmente centrada na família.</p>
			<p>Este estudo teve limitações que devem ser consideradas ao interpretar os resultados. O uso de amostragem não probabilística (bola de neve) pode ter introduzido um viés de seleção, pois os participantes foram recrutados através de redes de contato; isso limita a generalização dos achados para a população de pais de CNP. Além disso, a coleta de dados <italic>online</italic> pode ter restringido a participação de pais com pouco acesso ou familiaridade com as tecnologias digitais.</p>
			<p>Apesar dessas limitações, os achados contribuíram para melhor compreender as crenças e práticas parentais no cuidado de CNP, especialmente no contexto da atenção à saúde e da prática de enfermagem.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusão</title>
			<p>As práticas relacionadas à saúde física, como manter as crianças limpas e evitar acidentes, recebem maior valorização pelas mães. Atividades voltadas ao desenvolvimento cognitivo, como ler livros e jogar jogos com as crianças, apresentam menor valorização. Observa-se que diversos marcos do desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e de independência não são atingidos. As práticas de interação direta, como ouvir a criança e manter contato visual durante a comunicação, associam-se ao desenvolvimento infantil.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
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	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31508/1676-3793202504i</article-id>
			<article-categories>
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					<subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
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					<role>declare that they contributed to study conception</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data collection</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data analysis and interpretation</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to article writing and/or critical review</role>
					<role>declare that they approved the final version to be published</role>
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					<role>declare that they contributed to study conception</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data collection</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data analysis and interpretation</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to article writing and/or critical review</role>
					<role>declare that they approved the final version to be published</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001"><sup>2</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6444-5186</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Nascimento</surname>
						<given-names>Larissa Perez Pardo</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declare that they contributed to study conception</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data analysis and interpretation</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to article writing and/or critical review</role>
					<role>declare that they approved the final version to be published</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2996-6936</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Maia</surname>
						<given-names>Edmara Bazoni Soares</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declare that they contributed to study conception</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data analysis and interpretation</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to article writing and/or critical review</role>
					<role>declare that they approved the final version to be published</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4367-5855</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Balieiro</surname>
						<given-names>Maria Magda Ferreira Gomes</given-names>
					</name>
					<role>declare that they contributed to study conception</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data collection</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to data analysis and interpretation</role>
					<role>declare that they contributed to article writing and/or critical review</role>
					<role>declare that they approved the final version to be published</role>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1001">
				<label>1</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Department of Pediatric Nursing, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2001">
				<label>2</label>
				<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
				<institution content-type="original">Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c01001">
					<label>Corresponding author:</label> Larissa Perez Pardo Nascimento | E-mail: larissa.perez@unifesp.br </corresp>
				<fn fn-type="coi-statement">
					<label>Conflicts of interest:</label>
					<p> nothing to declare.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<elocation-id>eSOBEP202504i</elocation-id>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective</title>
					<p> To analyze parents’ perceptions regarding beliefs and practices in the care of children born prematurely, correlating them with child developmental milestones.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Methods</title>
					<p> This survey-type study was conducted with parents of premature children up to three years of age. Data were collected using instruments available on the REDCap platform, including a sociodemographic questionnaire, perinatal and neonatal variables, and the Parental Beliefs and Care Practices Scale (E-CPPC). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; to assess associations, Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used (significance level: 5%).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results</title>
					<p> A total of 30 mothers participated, and 46.6% of the children were born extremely or moderately preterm. Mothers showed greater appreciation for practices aimed at immediate physical well-being (such as keeping children clean and preventing accidents), to the detriment of cognitive stimulation (such as reading books or playing with them). However, direct interaction practices, such as “listening to what children have to say” (r=0.369; p=0.045) and “facing the child, making eye contact” (r=0.403; p=0.027), showed a significant correlation with developmental milestones; these were not fully achieved, especially in speech and mobility.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion</title>
					<p> Parents value affective and interactive care despite the context of vulnerability. Health services should promote early stimulation and family involvement, fostering the comprehensive development of premature children.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>Prematurity</kwd>
				<kwd>Parents</kwd>
				<kwd>Early Educational Intervention</kwd>
				<kwd>Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice</kwd>
				<kwd>Pediatric Nursing</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introduction</title>
				<p>The birth of a child is a milestone for the family, representing a period of intense changes and adaptations in family roles and routines to meet newborns (NBs)’ needs. When birth occurs prematurely, these demands become even more complex, unexpectedly altering family dynamics.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Prematurity is an event that results from various unpredictable circumstances, regardless of location or social class, and is a global public health concern. In Brazil, approximately 340,000 premature babies are born each year, according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO).<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>)</sup> Premature birth is one of the main factors associated with infant morbidity and mortality. It affects families and society with a social and financial cost that is difficult to measure, requiring intensive care during the neonatal period and clinical follow-up after hospital discharge.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>During intensive care, premature newborns (PTNBs) are exposed to stressful environments, including noise, frequent handling, bright light, and painful stimuli. These factors, combined with brain immaturity, impact their neurological and motor development, increasing the risk of cognitive deficits and developmental delays.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup> Therefore, early detection of these delays is essential to allow interventions during phases of greater brain plasticity.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>In this regard, the early stimulation approach aims to promote child development and well-being, preventing developmental delays and reducing existing disabilities, as well as contributing to structuring the mother-baby bond and the acceptance of these children by the family. Focusing on parental education and psychosocial support, this approach aims to improve the parent-child relationship and the environment in which a child develops.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>The benefits of early stimulation include improvements in neurological development, increased learning capacity, advances in motor and cognitive development, and a reduction in the risk of long-term emotional and behavioral problems. For early stimulation to be effective, parents and caregivers must actively engage in the process, following the guidance of specialized professionals and promoting activities that stimulate PTNBs’ development at home.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Parenting involves caring practices and beliefs that guide the interaction between parents and children.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup> The model proposed by Keller (2002; 2007) has a comprehensive approach, integrating biological and cultural aspects of these practices with a special focus on the first three years of life.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>This theoretical perspective allows us to understand how biological and sociocultural factors shape child development, as well as providing a basis for early interventions aimed at promoting health and the caregiver-child relationship.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Understanding parental care practices can provide valuable insights for developing family-centered care strategies integrated into the local context, aiming to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of these children and their families. Including families in care settings from prenatal care to the hospitalization period of premature infants (PIs) can improve the approach to monitoring their growth and development. This can also help build health networks, with parents’, families’, and healthcare professionals’ participation to promote early stimulation of PIs, thus reducing neonatal and infant morbidity.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Therefore, the study aimed to analyze parents’ perceptions of beliefs and practices regarding PI care, correlating them with children’s typical developmental milestones.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>Method</title>
				<p>This survey-type study was developed with parents of PIs. The sample consisted of participants selected using non-probability snowball sampling, in which the first participants indicate new participants according to the inclusion criteria in the study. Parents were accessed via digital platforms or online parent groups.</p>
				<p>The survey was disseminated through an invitation shared on Instagram<sup>®</sup> and Facebook<sup>®</sup> groups, with an explanatory text about the purpose of the study and a link for interested parties to access the questionnaire.</p>
				<p>Parents or guardians of PIs under three years of age, over 18 years of age, and with internet access were included. Parents or guardians with communication difficulties or internet access issues were not included. Those who did not respond to the questionnaire within three days of signing the online Informed Consent Form (ICF) were excluded.</p>
				<p>The ICF was applied and signed online by participants before accessing the research form.</p>
				<p>To maintain study participants’ anonymity, they were assigned a sequence of letters. Participants were assured of privacy and protection of their identity, as well as the freedom to refuse to participate or withdraw their consent without penalty at any stage of the research.</p>
				<p>To determine the final sample, data were collected over six months. The questionnaire was administered online. Data were obtained through a form developed in REDCap<sup>®</sup> containing sociodemographic and perinatal variables, including a Parental Beliefs and Care Practices Scale (E-CPPC - <italic>Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado</italic>) in early childhood.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>REDCap<sup>®</sup> data were stored on a computer for the exclusive use of one of the researchers. The time required for participants to complete the questionnaire was 15-20 minutes.</p>
				<p>The study was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the authors’ affiliated institution, met the ethical and legal requirements, and was approved (Opinion 6,780,072; CAAE 77021223.1.0000.5505).</p>
				<p>The variables in the study were as follows:</p>
				<list list-type="bullet">
					<list-item>
						<p>Sample characterization variables: (1) related to parents: age (years), sex (female or male), education, profession, marital status, family income (minimum wages), social support; (2) related to the perinatal period: gestational age at birth (weeks), type of childbirth, place of childbirth, complications experienced, number of living children; and (3) related to PIs: chronological age at the time of application of the form, length of hospital stay, complications at birth and during hospitalization.</p>
					</list-item>
					<list-item>
						<p>Care practice variables: E-CPPC in early childhood aimed to assess the frequency of behaviors and the degree of importance attributed to these practices. It was composed of two domains: practices performed by mothers and importance attributed to these practices, totaling 18 items related to themes such as primary care, physical contact, physical stimulation, object stimulation, and face-to-face contact. These items were as follows: Helping when crying; Feeding; Keeping clean; Ensuring sleep and rest; Not letting them be too hot or too cold; Holding them; Always having them nearby; Trying to prevent accidents (safety precautions); Letting them run, swim, climb freely; Doing physical activities; Playing games; Hanging toys on the crib; Reading books together; Showing them interesting things; Explaining things; Listening to what they have to say; Answering questions; and Facing children making eye contact. The scale was assessed regarding the frequency of performing the practices according to a five-point Likert scale, ranging from one (never) to five (always). Regarding the importance of the practices, a 5-point Likert scale ranged from 1 (not very important) to 5 (very important).</p>
					</list-item>
					<list-item>
						<p>Child development current stage variables: to assess child development, the typical milestones established in the Child Health Booklet were used as a reference.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>)</sup> The assessment was structured according to the children’s age (in months), allowing the caregiver to identify whether the skills corresponding to the current age range are being acquired and whether the developmental milestones expected for previous ages have already been achieved. Family members will indicate whether milestones are present or absent. In the comprehensive assessment of children’s development, categories were categorized as probable developmental delay, alert, and adequate development.</p>
					</list-item>
				</list>
				<p>After collection, data were exported to REDCap<sup>®</sup> spreadsheets and analyzed using R Core Team software (v. 4.4.0) using descriptive statistics according to their nature: through absolute and relative frequencies (if qualitative) or through mean, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, first quartile and third quartile (if quantitative).</p>
				<p>Beliefs and the importance of beliefs were treated as ordinal variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used when a variable did not follow normality to compare the Likert scale of beliefs in the different developmental classifications and the importance scale. The ANOVA test was applied when normality and homoscedasticity of variances were present. If the groups formed were smaller (when there were two groups), Student’s t-test was used if the variable followed normality in both groups; otherwise, the Mann-Whitney test was used. When there was normality but not homoscedasticity of variances, the Games-Howell test was used. The significance level adopted was 5% for all tests.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Results</title>
				<p>Thirty parents and/or guardians of PIs and women participated in the study (mean age: 29.03 ± 5.91 years). <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> shows participants’ sociodemographic data. Most of them resided in the state of São Paulo (86.7%). In relation to education, they had completed high school (36.7%) and higher education (36.7%). More than half of the families had an income between one and two minimum wages (53.3%), and reported receiving support in childcare (73.3%), predominantly from family (95.5%).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t1001">
						<label>Table 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Participant sociodemographic profile (n=30)</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Variables</th>
									<th style="font-weight:normal">n(%)</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td>Country region</td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Central-West</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.6)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Southeast</td>
									<td align="center">27(90.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>South</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.4)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Education level</td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Complete elementary school</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Incomplete high school</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Complete high school</td>
									<td align="center">11(36.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Incomplete higher education</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Complete higher education</td>
									<td align="center">11(36.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Occupation</td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Unemployed and/or unemployed</td>
									<td align="center">22(73.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Employed</td>
									<td align="center">8(26.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Family income (minimum wage)</td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>&lt;1</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>1-2</td>
									<td align="center">16(53.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>2-3</td>
									<td align="center">5(16.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>3-4</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>&gt;4</td>
									<td align="center">4(13.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Marital status</td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Married</td>
									<td align="center">19(63.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Single</td>
									<td align="center">8(36.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Child care support</td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yes</td>
									<td align="center">22(73.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>No</td>
									<td align="center">8(26.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Type of support</td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Family</td>
									<td align="center">21(95.5)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Professional support</td>
									<td align="center">1(4.5)</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>
					<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> shows data related to the prenatal, childbirth, and postnatal history of PIs, according to information reported by the participating mothers. The mean number of pregnancies was 2.17 (±1.53) and prenatal visits was 8.17 (±4.79). Gestational complications occurred in 70% of participants, mainly pregnancy-specific hypertensive disease, placental abruption, and urinary tract infection. Most deliveries occurred in public hospitals (via cesarean section). The mean gestational age was 32.5 weeks, with extremely premature (24-30 weeks; 26.7%), moderately premature (31-35 weeks; 46.6%), and borderline premature (36-37 weeks; 26.7%). The mean neonatal hospital stay was 59 days, with complications in 60% of cases.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t2001">
						<label>Table 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Perinatal characteristics of premature infants of study participants (n=30)</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Period</th>
									<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Variable</th>
									<th style="font-weight:normal">Mean (SD)</th>
									<th style="font-weight:normal">Median (Min.-Max.)</th>
									<th style="font-weight:normal">n(%)</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="20">PRENATAL</td>
									<td>Number of pregnancies</td>
									<td align="center">2.17(1.53)</td>
									<td align="center">2.00(1-8)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>History of abortion</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yes</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>No</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">80(24.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Number of abortions</td>
									<td align="center">1.5(0.83)</td>
									<td align="center">1.00(1-3)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Prenatal consultation</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yes</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">30(100.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>No</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Number of appointments</td>
									<td align="center">8.17(4.79)</td>
									<td align="center">7.00(1-20)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Gestational complications</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yes</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">21(70.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>No</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">9(30.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Types of complications</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Pregnancy-induced hypertension</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">8(38.1)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Placental abruption</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">3(14.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Urinary tract infection</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">3(14.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Twin pregnancy loss</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">3(14.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Gestational diabetes</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">2(9.5)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Polyhydramnios</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">1(4.8)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>High-risk pregnancy</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">1(4.8)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="21">BIRTH</td>
									<td>Gestational age (weeks)</td>
									<td align="center">32.53(3.55)</td>
									<td align="center">34(25-36)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Prematurity classification (weeks)</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Extreme (24-30)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">8(26.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Moderate (31-35)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">14(46.6)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Borderline (36-37)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">8(26.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Place of delivery</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Public hospitals</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">22(73.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Private hospitals</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">8(26.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Type of delivery</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Cesarean</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">19(63.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Vaginal</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">11(36.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Complications during delivery</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yes</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">10(33.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>No</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">20(66.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Types of complications</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Hemorrhage</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">4(40.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Hypertension</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">2(20.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Others</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">5(50.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Complications at birth</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yes</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">18(60.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>No</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">12(40.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">POSTNATAL</td>
									<td>Neonatal hospitalization</td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
									<td> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Yes</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">24(80.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>No</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Length of hospital stay (days)</td>
									<td align="center">61.86(50.67)</td>
									<td align="center">45(5-131)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td>Corrected age (days)</td>
									<td align="center">584.69(483.14)</td>
									<td align="center">454(18-1466)</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN1001">
								<p>SD: standard deviation.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>The care practices most frequently mentioned as “always performed” were the following: feeding (100%), ensuring sleep and rest (100%), keeping the child clean (93.3%), preventing accidents (93.3%), and responding to crying (96.7%). Physical and visual contact was valued, with mentions of holding the child in their arms (83.3%) and maintaining eye contact (86.7%). In contrast, cognitive stimulation practices, such as “Reading books together” (13.3%) and “Playing games” (20%), were less frequently cited (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t3001">
						<label>Table 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Distribution of items in the Parental Beliefs and Care Practices Scale (E-CPPC - <italic>Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidado</italic>) according to frequency and importance of childcare practices (n=30)</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="left" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">E-CPPC items</th>
									<th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">Frequency of childcare practices</th>
									<th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">Importance reported by parents</th>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
									<th style="font-weight:normal">N (%)</th>
									<th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
									<th style="font-weight:normal">N (%)</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Hanging toys on the crib (<italic>Pendurar brinquedos no berço</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.6)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">5(16.7)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">9(30.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">16(53.4)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">12(40.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Keep children clean (<italic>Manter as crianças limpas</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">28(93.3)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">27(90.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Playing games (<italic>Jogar jogos</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">7(23.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">5(16.7)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">15(50.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Trying to prevent them from having accidents (<italic>Tentar evitar que elas se acidentem</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">28(93.4)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">29(96.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Making sure they sleep and rest (<italic>Cuidar para que elas durmam e descansem</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">30(100)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">29(96.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Explaining things (<italic>Explicar coisas</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">4(13.4)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">4(13.4)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">20(66.6)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">25(83.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Holding them in the lap (<italic>Carregá-las no colo</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">4(13.4)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">7(23.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">25(83.3)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">20(66.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Reading books together (<italic>Ver livrinho juntos</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">5(16.7)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">9(30.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">11(36.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">4(13.3)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">16(53.4)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Answering questions asked by children (<italic>Responder perguntas feitas pelas crianças</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">10(33.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">7(23.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">12(40.0)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">22(73.4)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Feeding children (<italic>Alimentar as crianças</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">30(100.0)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">29(96.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Always having children nearby (<italic>Ter as crianças sempre perto</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">30(100.0)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">29(96.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Letting children be free to run, swim, climb (<italic>Deixar as crianças livres para correr, nadar, trepar</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">7(23.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">4(13.3)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">8(26.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">11(36.7)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">18(60.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Doing physical activities with children (<italic>Fazer atividades físicas com as crianças</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">7(23.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">5(16.7)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">9(30.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">6(20.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">7(23.3)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">20(66.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Helping children when they are crying (<italic>Socorrer as crianças quando estão chorando</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">29(96.7)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">27(90.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Showing children interesting things (<italic>Mostrar coisas interessantes às crianças</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">2(6.7)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">7(23.3)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">10(33.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">18(60.0)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">19(63.4)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Not letting children be too cold/hot (<italic>Não deixar que as crianças passem frio/calor</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">29(96.7)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">29(96.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Listening to what children have to say (<italic>Ouvir o que as crianças têm a dizer</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">5(16.7)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">20(66.7)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">26(86.7)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td rowspan="5">Facing children making eye contact (<italic>Ficar frente a frente, olho no olho</italic>)</td>
									<td align="center">N</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">LI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">R</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
									<td align="center">+-I</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">ST</td>
									<td align="center">1(3.3)</td>
									<td align="center">RI</td>
									<td align="center">0(0.0)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">AA</td>
									<td align="center">3(10.0)</td>
									<td align="center">I</td>
									<td align="center">4(13.3)</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">A</td>
									<td align="center">26(86.7)</td>
									<td align="center">VI</td>
									<td align="center">26(86.7)</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN2001">
								<p>N: never; R: rarely; ST: sometimes; AA: almost always; A: always; LI: little important; +-I: more or less important; RI: reasonably important; I: important; VI: very important.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>Regarding beliefs, physical care practices, and safety, feeding (96.7%), ensuring sleep and rest (96.7%), and preventing accidents (96.7%) were considered “very important” by almost all mothers. Aspects related to interaction and cognitive stimulation were also valued, highlighting “Listening to what children have to say” (86.7%), “Explaining things” (83.3%), and “Showing interesting things” (63.3%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref>).</p>
				<p>The developmental assessment indicated that children had adequate development (30%), were alert (26.7%), and presented a probable delay (30%), mainly in speech and locomotion skills, being more prevalent among PIs with a gestational age &lt;34 weeks.</p>
				<p>Correlation analyses indicated positive associations between some practices related to childcare and maternal variables. It was observed that a greater number of prenatal visits was associated with a higher occurrence of the practice of hanging toys on the crib (r=0.439; p=0.019). Likewise, greater gestational age was related to both the practice of hanging toys on the crib (r=0.432; p=0.022) and playing games with children (r=0.414; p=0.028) so that a greater number of visits and greater gestational age were related to a higher occurrence of these practices.</p>
				<p>It was also found that women with a higher number of pregnancies had a higher frequency of engaging in physical activities with their children (r=0.574; p=0.001), as did those with a higher number of living children (r=0.645; p&lt;0.001).</p>
				<p>Concerning maternal characteristics, it was found that older maternal age was associated with a greater emphasis on children’s safety (r=0.429; p=0.023). Furthermore, a longer gestational age was associated with greater encouragement of children’s freedom to run and play (r=0.395; p=0.037).</p>
				<p>In summary, participants demonstrated an understanding of the importance of affective and interactive care, although cognitive stimulation practices were less frequent in their routines.</p>
				<p>The emphasis on direct interaction and physical stimulation suggests a potential for strengthening educational strategies that broaden the repertoire of care aimed at the overall development of PIs.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussion</title>
				<p>This study analyzed the perceptions of parents and/or guardians (represented exclusively by mothers) regarding their beliefs and practices in caring for PIs. The exclusively female composition of the sample reflects the role historically assigned to women as primary caregivers of children, especially in contexts of social and economic vulnerability. This cultural aspect, which is widely described in the literature, reinforces the maternal centrality in childcare; this may have influenced the profile of respondents and the predominant perspective in reported practices.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Most participants had low levels of education and family income of 1-2 minimum wages, in addition to significant unemployment rates. The majority of these births occurred in public hospitals and involved extremely or moderately PIs. This set of characteristics highlights participants’ socioeconomic vulnerability, a condition that can directly impact how mothers perceive and perform childcare. Studies indicate that the level of education and economic stability of caregivers are determining factors for access to information, resources, and broader care practices, influencing the overall development of children.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>The practices most valued by mothers were associated with basic needs and physical protection of children, such as “Keeping children clean”, “Feeding”, and “Preventing accidents”. This emphasis points to care focused on survival and maintaining physical integrity, which is understandable given social vulnerability and a history of prematurity. In situations where access to resources is limited and experiences with neonatal illness are significant, caregivers tend to prioritize immediate protective and comforting practices over actions aimed at cognitive stimulation.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>The experience of neonatal hospitalization, which was experienced by 80% of children in the sample, may have reinforced this perception of protective care. Prematurity accentuates the maternal need to ensure babies’ safety and physical well-being after discharge when associated with early exposure to hospital environments and invasive procedures. Thus, practices such as “Helping children when they cry” and “Making sure they sleep and rest” take on symbolic and affective values that go beyond basic care, also representing an attempt to compensate for the period of separation imposed by hospitalization.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>On the other hand, practices associated with cognitive stimulation and symbolic development, such as “Reading books together” and “Playing games”, were less frequent. This trend, as observed in studies with similar populations, is related to less available time, domestic overload, and a lack of specific guidance from healthcare services.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>)</sup> However, the literature highlights that simple interactive activities (such as reading, playing, and dialogue) have a significant impact on the cognitive, linguistic, and socio-emotional development of children, especially in the early years of life.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Despite the observed limitations, mothers demonstrated an understanding of the importance of emotional bonding and direct interaction with their children. The practices of “Listening to what children have to say” and “Facing children making eye contact” showed positive and statistically significant correlations; this indicates that the greater the belief in the importance of these actions, the more frequent they are in the care routine. These results are consistent with the literature and highlight the value placed on the affective and communicational dimensions of care, which are fundamental for establishing secure attachments and healthy emotional development.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Findings on typical developmental milestones showed that a portion of the children presented delays or warning signs, especially in skills related to speech, locomotion, and autonomy. These results agree with studies that pointed to a higher risk of neuropsychomotor delay among PIs due to neurological immaturity, length of hospital stay, and neonatal complications. Thus, longitudinal follow-up and early interventions are indispensable strategies to reduce the impacts of prematurity on child development.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>In general, coherence was observed between maternal beliefs and practices. Participants demonstrated an understanding that care is not limited to the biological dimension, also involving interaction, affection, and communication. Even in the face of adverse conditions, the mothers sought to integrate practices that favor children’s overall development, albeit intuitively.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>These results reinforce the importance of public policies and intersectoral actions aimed at strengthening the families of PIs. Systematic monitoring by multidisciplinary teams can broaden their repertoire of care practices, promote family autonomy, and foster children’s overall development when combined with parental education and early stimulation programs.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>)</sup> The active involvement of the family in the care process (from neonatal hospitalization to outpatient follow-up) is essential to ensure continuity of care and maximize outcomes for children’s health and well-being.<sup>(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>)</sup></p>
				<p>Thus, the present study showed that the participating mothers recognize and value the role of affective care; they demonstrated a willingness to engage in practices that stimulate interaction and bonding with their children, despite being marked by social vulnerability. This finding reinforces the need to strengthen support for families as the structuring axis of care for PIs, integrating physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects in a truly family-centered approach.</p>
				<p>This study had limitations that should be considered when interpreting the results. The use of non-probability (snowball) sampling may have introduced selection bias, as participants were recruited through contact networks. This limits the generalizability of the findings to the population of parents of PIs. Furthermore, online data collection may have restricted the participation of parents with limited access to or familiarity with digital technologies.</p>
				<p>Despite these limitations, the findings contributed to a better understanding of parental beliefs and practices in PI care, especially in the context of healthcare and nursing practice.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusion</title>
				<p>Practices related to physical health, such as keeping children clean and preventing accidents, are highly valued by mothers. Activities focused on cognitive development, such as reading books and playing games with children, are less valued. It is observed that several milestones in motor, cognitive, and independence development are not achieved. Practices involving direct interaction, such as listening to the child and maintaining eye contact during communication, are associated with child development.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
					<label>Data availability:</label>
					<p> The study data are available in this article.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>